Growing new teeth could become a possibility in the future. Read on to learn more about where current research is headed. Thanks for visiting Cumberland Endodontics.
Pioneering techniques aiming to grow new teeth from a patient’s own stem cells will be on display at the Royal Society’s Summer Science Exhibition which opens to the public on 1 July 2014. Bioengineered stem cell teeth could challenge the use of artificial dental implants.
Worldwide we spend more on dentistry than we do on many medical treatments. Everyone in the developed world will receive dental treatment at some point and it doesn’t come cheap – current implants to replace broken or decayed teeth cost around £2000. Screwed directly into the jaw, they fail to reproduce the normal connection between teeth and bone and might work loose in less than 30 years.
Scientists are developing an innovative procedure that would use cells from adult patients to grow full functioning teeth in situ. The treatment could be working in mice in 5 years according to exhibit leader Professor Paul Sharpe, Dickinson Professor of Craniofacial Biology at King’s College London Dental Institute.
Teeth can be grown from embryonic cells but Professor Sharpe says a treatment using only adult cells and growth-stimulating chemical factors that are already regulated for use in treatment, has a much better chance of ever making it to market.
‘It’s very easy to grow teeth from embryonic cells in a lab environment but if it’s going to cost £50,000 per implant it will never make it into clinical use,’ says Professor Sharpe. Embryonic cells are surrounded by ethical controversy and could not be collected in the numbers necessary for approved large scale treatment in patients. Adult cells are a more accessible option and, if the patient’s own cells are used, they could also negate the need for a lifetime of immunosuppressant drugs to avoid rejection.
‘We’re focused on an end point for patients and to replace current implants, a stem cell therapy needs to be price competitive. Patients are not going to pay for a treatment that costs 10 times as much as an implant. Realistically they would probably pay for a treatment that costs twice or three times as much because a bioengineered tooth would last forever. But to reach that point we need to go back to basics using only growth factors which are already regulated, and we need to use accessible cells from adults – that’s where the challenge lies’.
To grow a new tooth requires two types of cell, epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. One of these types of cells must send instructions to the other cell population to begin creating the different cell types and tissues needed in teeth.
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